Okay thanks to both of you. Liallan (btw I'm impressed how active you are in the forum despite your moderate amount of games), I used the search function but nothing helpful appeared on the first site. I'm aware there's lots of stuff about the purpose and pros and cons of elo in general, but my question was more specific. Still, after your advice, i tried it again with different wording and indeed one informative thread came up.
https://de.boardgamearena.com/#!forum/v ... difference
In particular that part:
I think the numbers boil down to that if the difference in ELO is 100, the stronger player is expected to win 2 out of every 3 matches, and if the difference is 200, they are expected to win 3 out of every 4 matches.
That doesn't answer my question exactly but it's a good approximation as now I can check the history of various games and calculate the missing value on my own. For an elo difference of 200, the lower player must get thrice the points for a win to be fair, so I just need to multiply/divide by three depending on who has won. Well, when I think about it again I'm not sure if that's correct. If we continue the pattern above, a player 600 elo points higher should win 7 of 8 matches. That contradicts that masters/experts usually get +0 or +1 points for a victory against someone with elo 100, while the other way it's more than 30 points if I'm not mistaken.
I know that the amount of games is taken into consideration for the elo calculation, but I always thought it would only apply to the first 20 games and then stop forever, so that it's not gradual. Here is a quote from another thread that supports this claim:
If you have less than 10 games played, K=60 (you win 30 points against a player with the same ELO).
If you have between 10 and 20 games played, K=40 (you win 20 points against a player with the same ELO).
Above 20 games played, K=20 (you win 10 points against a player with the same ELO).
I'm not sure that yours or your opponents current levels come into play, or at least I think that's what I've heard.
How shall I understand this? What else should come into play?^^ Maybe you confused level with rank...