"en passant" is another rule which is not so commonly known:
If a player moves a pawn two spaces (only from the initial position like e7 to e5 with Black), then the opponent can capture this pawn with one of his pawns as if it only had gone one step. In this example (e7-e5) this would be the case with a white pawn on d5 or f5: White moves this pawn to e6 and takes away the black pawn! But White must do it with the directly following move (not later!), if he doesn´t the game continues as normal (and this opportunity is over).